فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
پیاپی 46 (پاییز 1400)

In any society, when looking for a sustainable development solution, good governance is always seen as a vital tool for promoting sustainable development, and has been incorporated as a vital element in sustainable development strategies. In this regard, in order to provide a suitable context for tourism development, especially in the cities of tourism destination, good urban governance and approach to its indicators is essential. Libraries and field methods including interviews and questionnaires were used for data collection. The statistical population is experts who hold doctoral degrees in urban affairs. Judicial sampling is one of the methods of purposeful sampling among the experts. IPA has also been used to analyze the data. The findings show that in terms of importance, participation with mean of 7.00, accountability and justice with mean of 6.60, and consensus indices with mean of 3.80, transparency and decentralization with mean of 00 / 4 The least important indicators are known. On the other hand, in terms of performance level of effectiveness and efficiency index with average of 6.60 highest performance and participation with average of 3.80, accountability, responsibility and security with average of 4.20 has the lowest performance. The results of the t-test were correlated with the Sig (significance level) in all indices being equal to zero and less than 0.05, so the mean differences in all indices had a significant level. PI) is negative for most indicators as well, indicating that all indicators are far from ideal.

Considering the tourism potential of Tabriz metropolis, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the economic effects of Tabriz metropolitan tourism in order to minimize its negative impacts. The research is descriptive-analytic, in terms of purpose, applied, and in relation to the method of data collection, library and field methods (questionnaire) were collected. The population consisted of all the citizens of Tabriz metropolitan area in 2019 who were randomly interviewed according to the Cochran formula of 384 persons. Content validity was used to measure the validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the research variables and reliability of the questions was estimated at 0.81. After field studies, descriptive statistical methods including frequency distribution, tables, and inferential statistics were used to collect data and analyze data. The software used is SPSS statistical software. The results show that citizens have appreciated the positive effects of tourism above the Likert spectrum. Comparing the variables related to the positive economic impacts of tourism, employment and income generation with 4.15% had the most positive effect and the improvement of transport system and infrastructure with 3.27 had the least positive effect. Also, considering the variables related to the negative economic impacts of inflation and rising prices by 4.05%, the highest negative impact and unemployment increase by 2.3% had the least negative impact.

The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the quality of urban life in Ardabil city using a combination of remote sensing data and spatial information. To achieve the final index of quality of life in Ardabil, sub-criteria related to four main criteria of environmental hazards, social, access and physical were selected separately based on the research background. The ANP process was used to assign weight to these sub-criteria and criteria. Then Arc map software was used to produce quality of life map in each territory separately and to achieve the final quality of life index in Ardabil city. The TOPSIS model was also used to rank different areas of the city in terms of quality of life. Spatial distribution of quality of life index in Ardabil city indicates that quality of life is moderate so that region 1 and parts of regions 2 and 4 have a higher quality of life compared to other parts of the city. Zone 3 has a low rating in this regard. The findings also indicate that among the effective domains of urban quality of life, social criteria, environmental hazards, access to public and physical services are respectively as significant as 0.28, 0.27, 0.25 and 0.20, are the most important factor in analyzing urban quality of life. The results also demonstrate the high capability of remote sensing technology combined with spatial data to assess quality of life in urban areas, which can assist urban planners and managers to better manage the city.

Walking is one of the main components of the urban transportation system. In developing countries, little attention has been paid to this issue. Therefore, like other components of the urban transportation system, serious attention should be paid to walking and its problems. Appropriate solutions should be provided to organize the space for walking in the city and the neighborhood, which is more important than providing the necessary safety. The purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between walking rate with emphasis on neighborhood-based planning and anxiety symptoms of Tuyserkan citizens. The statistical population of the study is all residents of Tuyserkan neighborhoods. And the research method is practical and 23spss software has been used to analyze the data. . In order to perform sampling, cluster random sampling method was used. Finally, using Cochran's formula and screening stage, according to the conditions of entering the study on experiments, which included the necessary scores in the general health test and non-implementation of research with Considering the probability of falling 30 people was calculated as the sample size. Therefore, 30 residents with the above conditions who were living in Tuyserkan city in 1397-1396 were selected by accident, 15 people were in the experimental group and 15 were in the control group. According to data analysis and test hypotheses, the research was determined. And the results of the statistical population survey of the residents of Tuyserkan neighborhoods with regard to walking and emphasis on neighborhood-based planning have an effect on reducing "anxiety symptoms" (the effect size is about 59%).

Place attachment is the relationship between people and places. This attachment is the basis of communication and positive emotional engagement of humans in space that it can be created by individual, plural, cultural and social features. The attachment to the place and the sense of belonging to it, encourage individuals to revive their home and local atmosphere completely. The sense of belonging and participation can create collaborative democracy, thereby the performance of various social and economic programs in the local community can noticeably succeed and they can increase the quality of living.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective factors on location attachment in Ghaemshahr city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of collecting data, except for descriptive-survey research and fully structural equation modeling. Data were collected by a questionnaire with 4 components (spatial attachment, spatial dependency, spatial identity, social bonding) and 40 items based on the responses of residents of Qaemshahr city with a sample size of 384 people. Data collected through SPSS21 and Smart-PLS3 software were analyzed. The results of this study indicate that in the city of Qaemshahr, spatial attachment and its components are at a low level. The component of spatial dependence and spatial identity from the perspective of individual context and social bond index from the perspective of social context have a positive and significant effect on the level of place attachment (emotional attachment). Therefore, simultaneous strengthening of both individual and social contexts strengthens place attachment in Qaemshahr city.

CCities with an increasing percentage of population and urbanization expansion, they face significant challenges, including spatial inequality.The role of metropolises due to the cumulative effects of population growth challenges, it is very important. Although cities are considered the center of innovation, but the innovation level between regions is not evenly distributed. The purpose of this study is to level the Tabriz regions in terms of enjoyment of innovative city indicators. This research is based on the purpose the applied research and based on the nature and method the comparative research and the data collection method, it is a survey.Using the Cochran's formula, 384 citizens and 27 experts with snowballs were selected as a sample. The citizens and experts’s questionnaire reliability respectively with values 0/89 and 0/93 approved. The results obtained from ANP show that the sub-criteria of educational centers and science and technology parks respectively with values 0/104046 and 0/908955 are the highest and area and sub-criteria of population respectively with values 0/00374 and 0/757537, have the least effect on the movement of Tabriz city towards an innovative city. An examination of the innovative city indicators distribution shows that region 8 with a Topsis rate of 0/96477 is in the first rank and region 4 with a Topsis rate of 0/680881 is in the last rank of the innovation level. The research findings show that the innovative city indicators are not distributed fairly, there is a spatial focus on the indicators distribution. Therefore, the management of Tabriz metropolis in order to realize the innovative city needs to stimulate innovation through fair distribution of innovative city indicators and decentralization from the center. 

One of the major problems in cities is urban sprawl that is result of inattention to development of inner city’s spaces. For this reason, approaches such as infill development with the aim of redeveloping the inefficient city central texture have become increasingly crucial. On the other hand, the passing of time shows us the inefficiency of traditional planning methods in achieving this kind of development. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is identifying the key variables affecting on infill development in inefficient areas with emphasis on Shahshahan neighborhood of Isfahan by using futures study approach as one of the new planning approaches in solving unpredictable problems and uncertainties. The type of research based on purpose is practical and based on the nature and method is according to futures study’s methods, is analytical and exploratory which in two stages of identifying the primary variables and determining the key variables used Delphi and Structural Analysis method by MIC MAC software respectively. The research findings showed that out of 40 variables studied, five have the most impact on the system and can be introduced as key variables affecting the future status of infill development in Shahshahan neighborhood including: Adjusting the trans locality of function of Shahshahan neighborhood, Coordinating the renovation-rehabilitation incentives with resident’s financial abilities, Increasing resident’s participation, Resolving the problems with land and housing ownership, and Improving the communication and access systems. These variables play the most important role in the future status of infill development and considered as a basis for scenarios in in Shahshahan neighborhood future development.

In modern cities, there is little spaces for creative urban groups. The spaces that are both a place for citizens to be creative and as a space for knowledge-based and creative interactions and activities in the city to attract citizens' innovative ideas. The purpose of this study is to present a model to investigate the characteristics of creative city in Yazd District3. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied research. By reviewing the research literature and obtaining expert opinion, 10 main indicators were identified. Then a structured matrix questionnaire was developed to determine the relationship between these indicators and the data obtained from the questionnaire analyzed by using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). It is plotted on 8 levels in an interactive grid. Also, the indices influence and dependence degree of indices have been studied. According to the findings, there is the most influential index in the matrix of influence-dependency, the index of "academic education" and the most dependent index of "vitality of urban space" in Yazd District3. As a result, the academic education index is one of the most important and key indicators of the creative city. Therefore, the realization of the creative city depends on the attention of the authorities to the index of academic education in Yazd District3, and organizations with this attitude should design their own long-term plans for the realization of the creative city. As a result, strategies are suggested such as utilizing the capabilities of partner universities for creativity-driven projects, creativity and entrepreneurship workshops in the local arts and crafts industry, the use of government facilities and private sector investment.

Today, activities in cities such as household fuels and transportation, poor waste management of urban waste have all directly and indirectly led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions and have had many adverse effects on climate change; Therefore, it is necessary to examine factors affecting this important issue and to moderate its adverse effects. Thus, first, by combining the SWOT and FTOPSIS models, the superiority of the weaknesses in the internal environment and the threats in the external environment were determined. Then, using the COPRAS model and using a questionnaire including 6 components and 30 indicators, the most important components affecting the realization of low carbon urban development were investigated. In the next phase, by examining the quality of communication structure and the impact of strategic planning strategies of low carbon city on the realization of its components in Sanandaj city by using modeling of structural equations in the form of Amos Graphic software, the "role of strategic planning for the development of the low-carbon city and its implementation in the city of Sanandaj" was examined. The results show that component of low carbon urban development has the highest score, and based on architecture of the communication structure, strategic planning of low carbon city through its four explanatory strategies has a positive and significant impact on the implementation of low carbon city, in the form of 6 components. This is based on the weighted regression obtained equal to 0.486. The results indicate that the formulation of detailed and strategic strategies for a low carbon city can be instrumental in achieving a sustainable low carbon city in the form of a low-carbon environment, low carbon economy, low carbon transportation, low carbon urban development and planning.

Natural disasters are a phenomenon that neglect will cause irreparable damage. Extreme levels of flood danger were announced in at least three places. Baqershahr, as one of the important cities of Rey city, due to the location of several active faults and seasonal and permanent rivers around and inside it, as well as the existence of Behesht Zahra Grand High School, has a high vulnerability to natural and physical hazards, high population density. Also, the existence of the main fault of Rey Garmsar and rivers in the north of Tehran, the existence of aqueducts and high worn-out texture, is the main necessity and purpose of this realization. First, the research findings include the criteria of the natural index, which include sub-criteria of faults, slopes, rivers and aqueducts and physical criteria with sub-criteria of worn-out texture, urban thoroughfares, density of building units and special location, all of which are determined by urban planning experts. Urban and civil planning is measured in ANP network decision making software, pairwise comparison, and then interdependence between standard and sub-criteria. Finally, fuzzy maps are output in the software of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software so that the map can be mapped. Operations of production and to assess and analyze the vulnerability of housing in Anj Be. With the produced maps, the danger points in the area of ​​Baghershahr city are shown. Finally, it analyzes physical and natural indicators and how to manage the crisis in Baqershahr city. By obtaining the impact factor, the valued maps and zoning of critical factors are determined. The final result shows that the high-risk area in the west and southwest of Baqer Shahra is located in the path of fault, slope, worn texture and river. Maps are considered risk a.nd management zoning factors.

Today, natural disasters and disasters increasingly threaten human societies, which, if they are not prepared, can cause irreparable damage to human life, including habitat and other economic, social, institutional, and environmental aspects.As a result, communities take a variety of approaches to mitigate the effects of natural disasters. One of these approaches is resilience and resilience to natural disasters.The purpose of this study is spatial analysis of regional resilience against natural hazards in East Azarbaijan province. The purpose of this study is descriptive-analytic in terms of purpose. A library method was used to collect the data. In order to conduct the research, 25 indices were used in the form of 5 variables: social, economic, health, service and infrastructure and environmental variables. In this study, Delphi technique was used to weight the indices and to analyze the data in order to classify the provinces, the parametric technique was used.Also, Kriging method and Arc Gis software have been used for spatial analysis of regional resilience of East Azarbaijan province. The results showed that the cities of Jolfa, Marand and Tabriz are in the first to third rank. The results of Kriging analysis also showed that the resilience status of the study areas in the northeast and southwestern regions of the province are in poor condition and the central ones are in moderate condition and are better in the northwestern regions.And the overall assessment indicates better situation in central areas such as Tabriz and Bostan Abad and Marand.And the overall assessment indicates better situation in central areas such as Tabriz and Bostan Abad and Marand.

Following the increase in gasoline prices in November 2019, protests took place in Iranian cities. The protests, which began peacefully and eventually led to riots, turned into a security crisis for the regime that was widespread, intense, and widespread. This was despite the fact that during the two years before that (December 2017 and August 2018), protests with a more limited scope had taken place. Since a number of people, military and security forces were killed and wounded in this incident and significant damage was done to the country's infrastructure, especially in the urban community, in order to prevent such a recurrence, this study seeks to find the answer to this question. What are the factors that led to this security crisis in Iranian cities? To find the answer by descriptive-analytical method and by collecting related documents and filing, the relevant theory was examined and according to it, the related events from 2017-2018 were examined. In response, the hypothesis put forward by applying the theory of relative deprivation was that a decline in people's abilities would lead to protests, riots, and ultimately to a security crisis. The result is that during the two years of their lives in the years 2017-2019 in the conditions of international sanctions, slowing economic growth, rising food prices, rising dollar, coins and declining per capita income, their abilities became apparent and with the sudden onset of gasoline prices this feeling was created. The gap between expectations and capabilities widened, and the sense of relative deprivation created in the people led to protests that eventually turned into riots and security crises.

Explaining the social, cultural and economic factors of reverse migration from city to village (Case study: Sarpol-e Zahab city) Reverse migration is a process that includes three stages of birth and life in the village, migration to the city and living there and then, returning to the village. The purpose of this study is social, cultural and economic factors of reverse migration from urban to rural areas. The present study is considered as a descriptive correlational study according to the applied purpose and according to the data collection method. The statistical population of the study includes households with reverse migration from city to village in Sarpol-e-Zahab city, using Cochran's formula, 406 people were selected as the sample size. In this study, quota sampling method was used to select the sample. To analyze the data, two descriptive sections (center orientation and dispersion indices) and inferential indices (correlation and regression) were used using SPSS and AMOS software. The results show that unity and empathy (r = 0.70), educational facilities (r = 0.34), tourist attractions (r = 0.74), new communication technologies (r = 0.69) There is a positive and significant relationship between access to resources (r = 0.75), infrastructure development (r = 0.78) and reverse migration from urban to rural areas.

The relationship between architecture and its context is a relationship played by a mutual influence. The lack of a local theoretical framework for recognizing the concept of interaction between context and architecture has caused architecture and urban planning to become more and more detached from the context, and the effects of this lack of proper interaction between context and architecture can be seen in today's Iranian cities. Although there is a belief in the interaction of context and architecture, recognizing, defining, and managing this issue faces fundamental challenges that reveal the need for a deeper understanding of the concept of contextual and architectural interaction. The concept of context has always been complicated by the need to define and study it in the vernacular context of urban architecture. One of the methods that examines the body of space from the aspect of functional desirability and physical-spatial structure is the space syntax technique. This approach, which examines more than anything the structure of the spatial arrangement, introduces the efficiency of a micro-space based on the physical structure of the architectural plan in a spatial configuration system. In this study, the spatial structure of five middle fabric houses in Shiraz was examined in Deptmap software. Concepts such as legibility and spatial communication, which are considered to be the factors of physical contextualization, can be examined through the method of space syntax, so it is possible to analyze the characteristics related to the physical context in the desired houses. In other words, the study of spatial studies considers the readability of an architectural plan to be the result of its spatial organization, and ultimately the placement of spaces in a configured spatial set. In summary, the aim of this study is to provide a conceptual analysis of the physical-spatial structure of Shiraz middle fabric houses in interaction with the context using spacesyntax method. The research findings indicate the role of spatial configuration in restoring the effects of the principles related to context in residential culture in terms of physical foundations.